The Analysis of the Female Consciousness in Little Women开题报告

 2022-07-30 14:59:29

1. 研究目的与意义

The ordinary readers won#8217;t realize the gender inequality reflected in the works; most people won#8217;t notice the male-dominated consensus pervading in our society. This makes the study of feminism literature important. It plays the role of enlightenment.The nineteenth century witnessed the first-wave of feminism movement, marked the beginning of women#8217;s fighting for equality. The novel, Little Women, is finished during this period. The author presented her feminism thoughts in the book. Although there are something advanced about marriage and the social role of women, the conventional views about women still has its place in this book due to the incompleteness of the movement.This study tries to make more women have the awareness of defending their right, setting up a great ambition and promoting a well-functioning society.

2. 研究内容和预期目标

This article analyzes the female consciousness in the book Little Women, by giving a brief presentation about its background and the characters of the four daughters to offer readers the setting of this story. Based on the Androgyny Theory raised by Margaret Fuller in the book Women in the Nineteenth Century, the author discusses about the characteristics of four daughters. The main feminism viewpoints in this book are the pursuit of self-identity, the gender equality and the freedom of love and marriage. The purpose of this paper is to make more women have the awareness of defending their right, setting up a great ambition and promoting a well-functioning society.Outline1. Introduction2. Background Information 2.1 The first-wave of women''s movement 2.2 Androgyny Theory3. Main feminist viewpoints in Little Women3.1 Views on marriage 3.1.1 marriage based on love 3.1.2 the equality within marriage3.2 Self-independence of women3.3 The goal of gender equality4. Conclusion

3. 国内外研究现状

The nineteenth century witnessed the #8220;first-wave#8221; (Humm Maggie, 1990) of the women#8217;s movement in America. At that time, the society was still men-oriented, mistreating women as the subsidiary and restraining them to housework. However, many intelligent people began to realize the inequality between men and women, and expressed their opinions in the literature work. Among them, Little Women, written by Louise May Alcott, is featured by a direct presentation of the picture about the Marches. This article tries to make a summary on the papers related to this book.1. Views of marriageIn this book, the author conveys her opinion about the marriage in virtue of Mrs. March. She believes the wedlock should be built based on love rather than the property. This is evidenced by Mrs. March#8217;s words #8220;I#8217;d rather see you#8217;ll be poor men#8217;s wives, if you were happy, than unhappy queens.#8221; (Alcott Louise May, 2014, p108). And the daughters do follow their mother#8217;s education, especially Amy, who prefers marrying Laurie rather than Fred. This idea conflicts with the conventional thought because marrying a rich man was still commonly recognized as a path to change a woman#8217;s life. Wen [温钊莉] (2008) thinks behaviors of daughters can be seen as the awakening of female consciousness, because their thinking about happiness and love and their courage of being different are the sign of the mental independence of women, whose fates are no longer controlled by their fathers and husband but in the hand of themselves. 2. The self-dependence of womenAlcott (2014) believes that it is working that makes people powerful. Wang [王喆] (2013)thinks for many new women at that time, a perfect life is no longer being wealthy, but having the rights to realize their dreams. Cao [曹惊蔚] (2012) proposes that in Little Women, working is no more the patent of men. The four daughters are all having their own careers, and supporting the family together with their husband. This can present their pursuit of independence, and longing to prove their ability. Also, Alcott (2014) thinks women should know about themselves and try to accomplish the self-improvement. Hong [洪君] (2014) sees this as is an innovative thinking changing from passively improving for husband to positively self-perfecting.In my opinion, this part also corresponds with the #8220;Auml;ndrogyny Theory#8221; (Margaret Fuller, 1999) raised by Margaret Fuller in her book Women in the Nineteenth Century. In her theory, Fuller states that everyone is born with masculinity and femininity. This is coherent with Jiao#8217;s [焦丁宁] (2009) ideathat Mrs. March has to bear the burden of earning the bread and educating the children because the absence of Mr. March. She has done a great job to help each daughter make dream come true, which is also a united form of masculinity and femininity.3. The equality within marriageIn the book, Alcott (2014) tries to claim that women are not the subsidiary to their husband. They have equality in marriage from earning the bread for the family to asking the husband to share the housework. Xia [夏莲] (2016) explains in her essay that the author#8217;s opinion that marriage is a harmonious relationship within which husband and wife should rely on and respect each other. If women want to get recognized by the society, they need to come out into the real society and have a job like men do. Like Leslie (2010) says in her essay #8220;Little Women#8230; reminding them not only of the need to become good members of family, but to be good female members of that society, which is a very different position than that held by men.#8221; (p. 32)The female consciousness in this book is very meaningful and enlightening. In the period of 1960s, it is a beacon for those women who were still suffering from oppression and discrimination. The main character, Jo, serves as a role model for those who want to prove their abilities. Until today, the story of the Marches still have a great impact on females around world, teaching them about how to love, how to live a happy life, how to self-control , and more important, and how to fight for yourself

4. 计划与进度安排

This paper is divided in four parts.At first the paper makes a brief introduction of Louise May Alcott and her novel Little Women, including the main characters that will be covered in the body of the essay.Then, it introduces the first-wave of women#8217;s movement and the androgyny theory of Margaret Fuller. The former is the period within which Alcott created this book, and the latter is the theoretical tool used in this paper. This essay will summarize the main feminism viewpoints that Alcott presents in this book by analyzing the characteristics of the Marches and the connection between Alcott#8217;s opinions and Fuller#8217;s theory.Finally, the paper will draw a conclusion, concerning the social condition of women.

5. 参考文献

Alcott, M, L. (2014). Little women. Beijing: China Astronautic Publishing House. Bukowski, L. (2010) Alcott and the terrible, no good, very bad public sphere: identity, privacy and publication in Louise May Alcott#8217;s Little Women. The University of Texas. 32. Fuller, M, S. (1999). Women in the nineteenth century. New York: Dover Publication.Humm, Maggie. (1990). The dictionary of feminist theory. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, p. 251.Hao, M. (2016). A feminism analysis of the spiritual journey of female figures in Little Women. Oversea English, 15, 177-179.曹惊蔚. (2012). 《小妇人》所体现的女性意识. 南昌教育学院院报 文学艺术, (27). 33-44.洪君. (2016.7). 论《小妇人》的女性意识. 语文学刊, 77-174.焦丁宁. (2009). 《小妇人》中的女性意识. 科技信息, (11), 456. 廖容. (2011). 女权主义在小妇人中的体现. 佳木斯教育学院学报, (11), 38.刘春英. (2001). 露易莎梅奥尔科特和小妇人. 暨南学报(哲学社会科学) , (23), 97-100.刘璐. (2012. 2). 清教美国的诞生和清教徒生活典范-《小妇人》的清教情怀. 齐齐哈尔大学学报, (1), 27-29.王瑞雪. (2008). 成长中的精神之旅-试析《小妇人》中的马奇姐妹所体现的超验主义色彩. 边疆经济与文化, (55), 83-84.何小颖. (2008). 乔马奇：妥协于传统的另一种#8220;新女性#8221;. 科技信息, (33), 213.王喆. (2013). 从《小妇人》看美国女性意识的觉醒. 商界论坛, (15), 279.温钊莲.(2008. 12). 《小妇人》的女性意识解读. 南宁高等专科学校学报, (24), 52. 夏娇 .(2016. 05). 论《小妇人》中女性意识的觉醒. 语文建设, (28), 30.阳萱. (2009). 从《小妇人》看十九世纪美国女性自由主义. 科技信息, (30), 511-512.

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