An Analysis of the Difference Between Chinese and Western Politeness Formulae—From the Prospective of Pragmatics开题报告

 2022-08-10 15:09:42

1. 研究目的与意义

Politeness formulae are a kind study of communication, which mainly researches on the interaction between Chinese and Westerners. The success of communication and the development of society partly depend on the proper use of politeness formulae, which play a role in society. What#8217;s more, the use of language is related to culture. The difference between English polite formulae and Chinese polite formulae is an important part in the communication. Because of lacking the understanding of the difference English and Chinese politeness norms, cultural misunderstanding and cultural conflicts often happen, as a result, it contributes to the failure of communication.The politeness includes many aspects, such as greetings, appellation, apology, gratitude and so on. So, it is important to figure out the differences and use politeness formulae correctly under certain circumstance. In addition, it puts forward some solutions and suggestions which are useful for people to communicate with others correctly. So it is very important to analyze the difference between Chinese and Western politeness formulae.

2. 研究内容和预期目标

The essay focuses on the pragmatics to analyze the difference between Chinese and Western politeness formulae. At the same time, it will put forward some suggestions for people to communicate with other better. The essay is divided into six parts. Chapter one is mainly about the introduction about the difference phenomenon of politeness formulae. Chapter two tells the theory contrast between Chinese and Western Politeness Principle. Chapter three is the major part of this essay. It analyzes some kinds of politeness difference in Chinese and Western daily communication. It consists of four parts, including greetings, appellation, taboo word and privacy, apology and gratitude. Chapter four analyzes the causes of difference. Chapter five is obstacles caused by the differences and solutions to the obstacle. Chapter six makes a summary of the essay.

3. 国内外研究现状

In recent years, great achievements have been made by scholars both at home and abroad When it comes to Chinese and Western daily communication, people always think of different politeness formulae. To study politeness formulae, it is necessary to mention Grice#8217;s Cooperative Principle(CP) which people have to abide by in communication so as to achieve communicative goals, but it is not by far the only principle. There are also many other principles. Among those principles, politeness principle attracts people#8217;s attention the most. Many scholars at home and abroad have already made great achievements in the field of politeness.In 1960s, the American philosopher Grice proposed cooperative in conversation. In his opinion, the speaker and the hearer should have certain common purpose or direction and should observe some principle so that the conservation. To complement Grice#8217;s CP, English scholar Leech in his Principle of Pragmatic (1983) put forward his Politeness Principle on the basis of Gricean framework (PP). He believed that, besides CP, PP guided and constrained rational people#8217;s conversation as well. Brown and Levinson proposed #8220;face#8221; theory to explain the politeness phenomenon and the relationship between politeness and #8220;face#8221; in Universals in Language Usage: Politeness Phenomenon written in 1978. Later they revised the original framework, Politeness: Some Universal in Language Usage in which they give further illustration of the view of politeness. Yet the main idea almost has not been changed.Among those who have made significant contribution in the field of Chinese politeness, Guyueguo#8217;s work is the most acceptable. He pointed out four notions underlying the Chinese concept of politeness, namely, respect for other, denigration of self, warmth towards other and the refinement of language use. After that Gu proposed a different set of politeness model which have distinctive characteristics of Chinese culture, following Leech#8217;s PP and considering the Chinese notion limao(politeness).There are also many other scholars doing some research on the differences between Chinese and English politeness formulae in daily communication. Gu Junxia analyzed the difference from the aspect of intercultural communication. Lian Shuneng studied the pragmatic difference in communication.

4. 计划与进度安排

OutlineChapter I. IntroductionChapter Ⅱ. Theory Contrast Between Chinese and Western Politeness Principle2.1 Politeness in Chinese Communication2.2 Politeness in English Communication2.3 Difference Between Chinese and Western Politeness PrincipleChapter Ⅲ. Pragmatic Difference Between Western Politeness Formulae3.1 Greetings3.1.1 Ways of Greeting3.1.2 Topics of Greeting3.1.3 Non-verbal Greetings3.2 Appellation in Communication3.3 Taboo Word and Privacy3.4 Apology and GratitudeChapter Ⅳ. Causes of the DifferencesChapter Ⅴ. Obstacles Caused by the Differences and Solutions to the Obstacle5.1 Obstacles5.2 SolutionsChapter Ⅵ. Conclusion

5. 参考文献

[1]Brown, P Stephen Levinson. Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage [M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.[2]Claire, Kamesh. Language and Culture [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,1998.[3]Gu Yueguo. Politeness Phenomena in Modern Chinese [J]. Journal of Pragmatics, 2001, 2(14): 237-257.[4]Leech G. Principles of Pragmatics [M] London: Longman Press, 1983:105-107.[5]Tianmiao. Cultural Difference in Chinese and English Communication [J]. 科技信息, 2011, (2):18.[6]顾军霞. 汉英日常谈话中的文化差异[J]. 郑州航空工业管理学院学报(社会科学版), 2011, (6): 156-159.[7]何自然. 语用学概论[M]. 长沙: 湖南教育出版社, 2001.[8]连淑能. 英汉对比研究[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社, 2001.[9]刘雅文. 中英礼貌用语的跨文化研究综述[J]. 参花(上), 2014,12:101-102.[10]芮亚慧. 英汉礼貌用语研究与礼貌用语教学[D]. 苏州大学, 2013.[11]汤婷. 跨文化交际中英汉礼貌用语差异对比研究[J]. 海外英语,2016,05:204-205.[12]邢襄平. 汉英文化差异二则:日常谈话与敬语谦词[J]. 辽宁师专学报(社会科学版), 2004, (5): 91-92.

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